Module:DateI18n

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Summary

This module is intended for creating of date strings in any language. It serves as a back-end of Date template on Wikimedia Commons and it is being used by several other modules like Module:ISOdate or Module:Complex date.

Using this module from templates

Date

This module should only be called from {{Date}} template. Please call that template to access this module. Also see {{Date}} template for full documentation

Usage:

{{#invoke:DateI18n|Date|year=...|month=...|day=...|hour=...|minute=...|second=...|tzhour=...|tzmin=...|lang=...}}

Parameters:

year, month, day, hour, minute, second
(most are optional) parameters specifying part of the date
tzhour, tzmin
(optional and rarely used) time zone offset from UTC
lang
(optional) language to be used to display the date. If not specified language of the user will be used
class
(optional) Allows setting of the HTML class of the time node where the date is included. This is useful for microformats. The default value is, for legacy reasons, "dtstart" (used by hCalendar). See the microformats project. "class=" will remove all metadata.
case
(optional) By default each language uses preferred form of the date, which typically has month in nominative or genitive grammatical case. With case parameter one can overwrite the preferred case with some other one used by a given language. Parser function {{#time}} stores nominative and genitive forms, others are stored in Data:I18n/MonthCases.tab. This functionality is mostly used by Module:Complex date.
trim_year
trim_year parameter

Example:

{{#invoke:DateI18n|Date|year=1990|month=Oct|day=01|lang=en}} produces

Using this module from Lua code

In order to use the functions in this module from another Lua module you first have to import this module.

Example:

local DateMod = require('Module:DateI18n')

_Date

Usage:

date_string = DateMod._Date({year,month,day,hour,minute, second},lang)

I18n tables

This module stores all the language specific settings in two files in "Data" namespace: Data:DateI18n.tab and Data:I18n/MonthCases.tab

Data:DateI18n.tab

Translation table with different forms of dates. Outputs are in the format used by {{#time}} parser function. There are several date formats supported, which depend on the data provided

Date formats
Format string Meaning Comments
YMDHMS YYYY:MM:DD, HH:MM:SS format for year, month, day, hour, minutes, seconds Most items in the list use format created from YMD format with hour, minutes and seconds added with ", HH:MM:SS". All languages using this format do not have to be listed, as they default to English.
YMDHM YYYY:MM:DD, HH:MM format for year, month, day, hour, minutest Most items in the list use format created from YMD format with hour and minutes added with ", HH:MM". All languages using this format do not have to be listed, as they default to English.
YMD YYYY:MM:DD format for year, month, day The languages using the same format as English do not need to be listed.
YM YYYY:MM (year-month) format for year and month The languages using the same format as English do not need to be listed.
MD MM:DD (month-day) format for month and day The languages using the same format as English do not need to be listed.
Y YYYY (year only) format for year Most languages show year as a simple number, those do not have to be listed as they will default to English.
M month name only Most languages show year as a simple number, those do not have to be listed as they will default to English.
Special cases

Some languages like French Catalan, Gallic or Basque use different form for year-month-day dates depending on the day of the month. the format of the Tabular Data allowed only simple strings to be stored in multi-language arrays. In order to overcome that we stored data in strings that might look like "{”default”:”j F Y”,”d01”:”j'<sup>er</sup>' F Y”}". This string is converted to following json code by replacing ”-double-quotes with regular straight double-quotes 

{
  "default":  "j F Y",
  "d01":      ”j'<sup>er</sup>' F Y"
}

than parsed and converted into Lua dictionary table. We convert day from the date into a key by adding "d" to a 2-digit integer representing day. If that key is in the dictionary than that form will be used otherwise we will use default form. The final step before passing it to {{#time}} parser function we will replace single quotes with double quotes which have special meaning for that function.

Data:I18n/MonthCases.tab

Grammatical cases of month names in different languages used by Module:DateI18n and Module:Complex date. 

--[[  
  __  __           _       _        ____        _       ___ _  ___        
 |  \/  | ___   __| |_   _| | ___ _|  _ \  __ _| |_ ___|_ _/ |( _ ) _ __  
 | |\/| |/ _ \ / _` | | | | |/ _ (_) | | |/ _` | __/ _ \| || |/ _ \| '_ \ 
 | |  | | (_) | (_| | |_| | |  __/_| |_| | (_| | ||  __/| || | (_) | | | |
 |_|  |_|\___/ \__,_|\__,_|_|\___(_)____/ \__,_|\__\___|___|_|\___/|_| |_|
  
This module is intended for processing of date strings.

Please do not modify this code without applying the changes first at Module:Date/sandbox and testing 
at Module:Date/sandbox/testcases and Module talk:Date/sandbox/testcases.

Authors and maintainers:
* User:Parent5446 - original version of the function mimicking template:ISOdate
* User:Jarekt - original version of the functions mimicking template:Date 
]]
require('Module:No globals')

-- ==================================================
-- === Internal functions ===========================
-- ==================================================

-- Function allowing for consistent treatment of boolean-like wikitext input.
-- It works similarly to Module:Yesno
local function yesno(val, default)
	if type(val) == 'boolean' then
		return val
	elseif type(val) == 'number' then
		if val==1 then 
			return true
		elseif val==0 then
			return false
		end
	elseif type(val) == 'string' then
	    val = mw.ustring.lower(val)  -- put in lower case
	    if val == 'no'  or val == 'n' or val == 'false' or tonumber(val) == 0 then
	        return false
	    elseif val == 'yes' or val == 'y' or val == 'true'  or tonumber(val) == 1 then
	        return true
	    end
    end
    return default
end

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- String replacement that ignores part of the string in "..."
local function strReplace(String, old, new)
	if String:find('"') then
		local T={}
		for i, str in ipairs(mw.text.split( String, '"', true )) do
			if i%2==1 then
				str = str:gsub(old, new)
			end
			table.insert(T, str)
		end
		return table.concat(T,'"')
	else
		return String:gsub(old, new)
	end
end

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- process datevec
-- INPUT:
--  * datevec - Array of {year,month,day,hour,minute,second, tzhour, tzmin} containing broken 
--    down date-time component strings or numbers
-- OUTPUT:
--  * datecode - a code specifying content of the array where Y' is year, 'M' is month, 
--     'D' is day, 'H' is hour, 'M' minute, 'S' is second. output has to be one of YMDHMS, YMDHM, YMD, YM, MD, Y
--  * datenum - same array but holding only numbers or nuls
local function parserDatevec(datevec)
	-- if month is not a number than check if it is a month name in project's language
	local month = datevec[2]
	if month and month~='' and not tonumber(month) then
		datevec[2] = mw.getContentLanguage():formatDate( "n", month)
	end

	-- create datecode based on which variables are provided and check for out-of-bound values
	local maxval = {nil, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59,  23, 59} -- max values for year, month, ...
	local minval = {nil,  1,  1,  0,  0,  0, -23,  0} -- min values for year, month, ...
	local c = {'Y', 'M', 'D', 'H', 'M', 'S', '', ''}
	local datecode = '' -- a string signifying which combination of variables was provided
	local datenum = {}  -- date-time encoded as a vector = [year, month, ... , second]
	for i = 1,8 do
		datenum[i] = tonumber(datevec[i])
		if datenum[i] and (i==1 or (datenum[i]>=minval[i] and datenum[i]<=maxval[i])) then
			datecode = datecode .. c[i]
		end
	end
	return datecode, datenum
end
	
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- process datevec
-- INPUT:
--  * datecode - a code specifying content of the array where Y' is year, 'M' is month, 
--     'D' is day, 'H' is hour, 'M' minute, 'S' is second. output has to be one of YMDHMS, YMDHM, YMD, YM, MD, Y
--  * datenum - Array of {year,month,day,hour,minute,second, tzhour, tzmin} as numbers or nuls
-- OUTPUT:
--  * timeStamp - date string in the format taken by mw.language:formatDate lua function and {{#time}} perser function
--       https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.language:formatDate
--       https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23time
--  * datecode - with possible corrections
local function getTimestamp(datecode, datenum)
	-- create time stamp string (for example 2000-02-20 02:20:20) based on which variables were provided
	local timeStamp
	if datecode == 'YMDHMS' then
		timeStamp = string.format('%04i-%02i-%02i %02i:%02i:%02i', datenum[1], datenum[2], datenum[3], datenum[4], datenum[5], datenum[6] )
	elseif datecode == 'YMDHM' then
		timeStamp = string.format('%04i-%02i-%02i %02i:%02i', datenum[1], datenum[2], datenum[3], datenum[4], datenum[5] )
	elseif datecode:sub(1,3)=='YMD' then
		timeStamp = string.format('%04i-%02i-%02i', datenum[1], datenum[2], datenum[3] )
		datecode = 'YMD' -- 'YMD', 'YMDHMS' and 'YMDHM' are the only supported format starting with 'YMD'. All others will be converted to 'YMD'
	elseif datecode == 'YM' then
		timeStamp = string.format('%04i-%02i', datenum[1], datenum[2] )
	elseif datecode:sub(1,1)=='Y' then
		timeStamp = string.format('%04i', datenum[1] )
		datecode = 'Y' 
	elseif datecode == 'M' then
		timeStamp = string.format('%04i-%02i-%02i', 2000, datenum[2], 1 )
	elseif datecode == 'MD' then
		timeStamp = string.format('%04i-%02i-%02i', 2000, datenum[2], datenum[3] )
	else
		timeStamp = nil -- format not supported
	end
	return timeStamp, datecode
end

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- trim leading zeros in years prior to year 1000
-- INPUT:
--  * datestr   - translated date string 
--  * lang      - language of translation
-- OUTPUT:
--  * datestr - updated date string 

local function trimYear(datestr, year, lang)
	local yearStr0, yearStr1, yearStr2, zeroStr
	yearStr0 = string.format('%04i', year ) -- 4 digit year in standard form "0123"
	yearStr1 = mw.language.new(lang):formatDate( 'Y', yearStr0) -- same as calling {{#time}} parser function
	--yearStr1 = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction( "#time", { 'Y', yearStr0, lang } ) -- translate to a language 
	if yearStr0==yearStr1 then -- most of languages use standard form of year 
		yearStr2 = tostring(year)
	else -- some languages use different characters for numbers
		yearStr2 = yearStr1
		zeroStr = mw.ustring.sub(yearStr1,1,1) -- get "0" in whatever language
		for i=1,3 do -- trim leading zeros
			if mw.ustring.sub(yearStr2,1,1)==zeroStr then
				yearStr2 = mw.ustring.sub(yearStr2, 2, 5-i)
			else
				break
			end
		end
	end
	return string.gsub(datestr, yearStr1, yearStr2 ) -- in datestr replace long year with trimmed one
end

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Look up proper format string to be passed to {{#time}} parser function
-- INPUTS:
--  * datecode: YMDHMS, YMDHM, YMD, YM, MD, Y, or M
--  * day     : Number between 1 and 31 (not needed for most languages)
--  * lang    : language
-- OUTPUT:
--  * dFormat : input to {{#time}} function
local function getDateFormat(datecode, day, lang)
	local function parseFormat(dFormat, day)
		if dFormat:find('default') and #dFormat>10 then
			-- special (and messy) case of dFormat code depending on a day number
			-- then json contains a string with more json containing "default" field and 2 digit day keys
			-- if desired day is not in that json than use "default" case
			dFormat = dFormat:gsub('”','"') -- change fancy double quote to a straight one, used for json marking
			local D = mw.text.jsonDecode( dFormat )		--com = mw.dumpObject(D)
			day = string.format('d%02i',day) -- create day key
			dFormat = D[day] or D.default
			dFormat = dFormat:gsub("'", '"') -- change single quote to a double quote, used for {{#time}} marking
		end
		return dFormat
	end
	
	local T = {}
	local tab = mw.ext.data.get('DateI18n.tab', lang)
	for _, row in pairs(tab.data) do -- convert the output into a dictionary table
		local id, _, msg = unpack(row)
		T[id] = msg
	end
	local dFormat = T[datecode]
	if dFormat=='default' and (datecode=='YMDHMS' or datecode=='YMDHM')  then 
		-- for most languages adding hour:minute:second is done by adding ", HH:MM:SS to the 
		-- day precission date, those languages are skipped in DateI18n.tab and default to 
		-- English which stores word "default"
		dFormat = parseFormat(T['YMD'], day).. ', H:i'
		if datecode=='YMDHMS' then
			dFormat = dFormat .. ':s'
		end
	else
		dFormat = parseFormat(dFormat, day)
	end
	return dFormat
end

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Look up proper format string to be passed to {{#time}} parser function
-- INPUTS:
--  * month : month number
--  * case  : gramatic case abbriviation, like "ins", "loc"
--  * lang  : language
-- OUTPUT:
--  * dFormat : input to {{#time}} function
local function MonthCase(month, case, lang)
	local T = {{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{}}
	local tab = mw.ext.data.get('I18n/MonthCases.tab', lang)
	for _, row in pairs(tab.data) do
		local mth, cs, msg = unpack(row)
		T[mth][cs] = msg
	end
	return T[month][case]
end

-- ==================================================
-- === External functions ===========================
-- ==================================================
local p = {}

--[[ ========================================================================================
Date
 
This function is the core part of the ISOdate template. 
 
Usage:
  local Date = require('Module:DateI18n')._Date
  local dateStr = Date({2020, 12, 30, 12, 20, 11}, lang)
 
Parameters:
  * {year,month,day,hour,minute,second, tzhour, tzmin}: broken down date-time component strings or numbers
		tzhour, tzmin are timezone offsets from UTC, hours and minutes
  * lang: The language to display it in
  * case: Language format (genitive, etc.) for some languages
  * class: CSS class for the <time> node, use "" for no metadata at all
]]
function p._Date(datevec, lang, case, class, trim_year)	
	-- make sure inputs are in the right format
	if not lang or not mw.language.isValidCode( lang ) then
		lang = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction( "int", "lang" ) -- get user's chosen language
	end
	if lang == 'be-tarsk' then
		lang = 'be-x-old'
	end
	
	-- process datevec and extract timeStamp and datecode strings as well as numeric datenum array
	local datecode,  datenum  = parserDatevec(datevec)
	local year, month, day = datenum[1], datenum[2], datenum[3]
	local timeStamp, datecode = getTimestamp(datecode, datenum)
	if not timeStamp then -- something went wrong in parserDatevec
		return ''
	end
	-- Commons [[Data:DateI18n.tab]] page stores prefered formats for diferent 
	-- languages and datecodes (specifying year-month-day or just year of month-day, etc)
	-- Look up country specific format input to {{#time}} function
	local dFormat = getDateFormat(datecode, day, lang)

	-- By default the gramatical case is not specified (case=='') allowing the format to be specified 
	-- in [[Data:DateI18n.tab]]. You can overwrite the default grammatical case of the month by 
	-- specifying "case" variable. This is needed mostly by Slavic languages to create more complex 
	-- phrases as it is done in [[c:Module:Complex date]]
	case = case or ''
	if (lang=='qu' or lang=='qug') and (case=='nom') then
		-- Special case related to Quechua and Kichwa languages. The form in the I18n is
		--  Genitive case with suffix "pi" added to month names provided by {#time}}
		-- in Nominative case that "pi" should be removed
		-- see https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Date#Quechua from 2014
		dFormat = dFormat:gsub('F"pi"', 'F')
	elseif (case=='gen') then
		dFormat = strReplace(dFormat, "F", "xg")
	elseif (case=='nom') then
		dFormat = strReplace(dFormat, "xg", "F")
	elseif (case ~= '') then
		-- see is page [[Data:I18n/MonthCases.tab]] on Commons have name of the month 
		-- in specific gramatic case in desired language. If we have it than replace 
		-- "F" and xg" in dFormat
		local monthMsg = MonthCase(month, case, lang)
		if  monthMsg and monthMsg ~= '' then -- make sure it exists
			dFormat = strReplace(dFormat, 'F',  '"'..monthMsg..'"') -- replace default month with month name we already looked up
			dFormat = strReplace(dFormat, 'xg', '"'..monthMsg..'"')
		end
	end

    -- Translate the date using specified format
	-- See https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.language:formatDate and 
	-- https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##time for explanation of the format
	local datestr = mw.language.new(lang):formatDate( dFormat, timeStamp) -- same as using {{#time}} parser function
	
	-- Special case related to Thai solar calendar: prior to 1940 new-year was at different 
	-- time of year, so just year (datecode=='Y') is ambiguous and is replaced by "YYYY or YYYY" phrase
	if lang=='th' and datecode=='Y' and year<=1940 then
		datestr = string.format('%04i หรือ %04i', year+542, year+543 ) 
	end
	
	-- If year<1000 than either keep the date padded to the length of 4 digits or trim it
	-- decide if the year will stay padded with zeros (for years in 0-999 range)
	if year and year<1000 then
		if type(trim_year)=='nil' then 
			trim_year = '100-999'
		end
		local trim = yesno(trim_year,nil) -- convert to boolean
		if trim==nil and type(trim_year)=='string' then
			-- if "trim_year" not a simple True/False than it is range of dates
			-- for example '100-999' means to pad one and 2 digit years to be 4 digit long, while keeping 3 digit years as is
			local YMin, YMax = trim_year:match( '(%d+)-(%d+)' )
			trim = (YMin~=nil and year>=tonumber(YMin) and year<=tonumber(YMax)) 
		end
		if trim==true then
			datestr = trimYear(datestr, year, lang) -- in datestr replace long year with trimmed one
		end
	end

	-- append timezone if present
	if datenum[7] and (datecode == 'YMDHMS' or datecode == 'YMDHM') then
		-- use {{#time}} parser function to create timezone string, so that we use correct character set
		local sign = (datenum[7]<0) and '−' or '+'
		timeStamp = string.format("2000-01-01 %02i:%02i:00", math.abs(datenum[7]), datenum[8] or 0)
		local timezone = mw.language.new(lang):formatDate( 'H:i', timeStamp) -- same as using {{#time}} parser function
		datestr = string.format("%s %s%s", datestr, sign, timezone )
	end

	-- html formating and tagging of date string
	if class and class ~= '' and datecode~='M' and datecode~='MD'then
		local DateHtmlTags = '<span style="white-space:nowrap"><time class="%s" datetime="%s">%s</time></span>'
		datestr = DateHtmlTags:format(class, timeStamp, datestr)
	end
	return datestr
end

--[[ ========================================================================================
Date
 
This function is the core part of the ISOdate template. 
 
Usage:
{{#invoke:DateI18n|Date|year=|month=|day=|hour=|minute=|second=|tzhour=|tzmin=|lang=en}}
 
Parameters:
  * year, month, day, hour, minute, second: broken down date-time component strings
  * tzhour, tzmin: timezone offset from UTC, hours and minutes
  * lang: The language to display it in
  * case: Language format (genitive, etc.) for some languages
  * class: CSS class for the <time> node, use "" for no metadata at all
]]
function p.Date(frame)
	local args = {}
	for name, value in pairs( frame.args ) do 
		name = string.gsub( string.lower(name), ' ', '_')
		args[name] = value
	end
	return p._Date(	
		{ args.year, args.month, args.day, args.hour, args.minute, args.second, args.tzhour, args.tzmin },
		args.lang,                  -- language
		args.case,                  -- allows to specify grammatical case for the month for languages that use them
		args.class or 'dtstart',    -- allows to set the html class of the time node where the date is included. This is useful for microformats.
		args.trim_year or '100-999' -- by default pad one and 2 digit years to be 4 digit long, while keeping 3 digit years as is
	)	
end

return p
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